Errors & Corrections

Official modifications or amendments made to published works to address errors or misconduct. These corrections maintain the integrity of the scholarly record while acknowledging and addressing problems that emerge after publication.

The withdrawal of a published paper due to serious errors, misconduct, or ethical violations. Retractions help maintain the integrity of the scholarly record while alerting readers to problems with previously published work.

The unauthorized use of someone else's work, ideas, or words without proper attribution. Plagiarism undermines academic integrity and can result in serious consequences including retraction, academic sanctions, and damage to professional reputation.

Violations of academic integrity, including plagiarism, cheating, and fabrication. Such violations undermine the trust and credibility that are fundamental to scholarly discourse and education.

Systematic errors or prejudices in AI systems that can affect research outcomes. Understanding and mitigating these biases is crucial for maintaining the integrity of AI-assisted research.

The systematic errors or unfair preferences that can emerge when AI systems are used in research processes. Researchers must be aware of potential biases in training data, algorithms, and outputs when using AI tools.

The final review process to check for errors in grammar, spelling, formatting, and accuracy before publication. This stage catches remaining errors and ensures that documents meet professional standards for publication.

The inappropriate reuse of previously published material without proper acknowledgment, considered a form of research misconduct. This practice violates publication ethics and can result in retraction or other sanctions.

False or non-existent references, sometimes generated by AI systems, included in academic work. These citations represent serious research misconduct and can lead to retraction and other consequences for authors.

Evaluation and commentary on published work through various platforms and channels. This review extends quality control beyond initial peer review and can identify errors, provide additional perspectives, or stimulate further research.